The Effect of Work Life Balance, Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention Through Job Satisfaction for Employees at PT X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53697/emak.v6i1.2137Keywords:
Work-Life Balance (WLB), Organizational commitment, Turnover Intention, Job Satisfaction, PT XAbstract
This research presents an investigation of the effect of Work Life Balance, Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention through Job Satisfaction at PT X. PT X is a multinational company engaged in international or inter-country based logistics. Therefore, Work Life Balance, Organizational Commitment will affect Turn Over Intention through Job Satisfaction. The investigation was conducted by distributing questionnaires that presented several options regarding personal and work biodata, then question items based on the variables in this study. Namely Work Life Balance (WLB), Organizational Commitment (OC), Job Satisfaction (JS), Turnover Intention (TI). The questionnaires were distributed to employees in various divisions randomly and based on ethics and professionalism in research. Employees are the company's greatest asset, as we know the importance of life balance and employee commitment to the company on the intention to quit or change places of work through employee satisfaction with the company. When employees are satisfied with their workplace, they will have high performance and increase employee commitment to the company. This study aims to analyse WLB, OC towards IT through JS of workers at PT X focusing on administrative, supervisory, professional/technical, and almost all divisions. This is because PT X is a multinational company that develops its business that prioritises customer satisfaction in various countries including Indonesia, so that almost all divisions must fully contribute to the company. This makes it difficult for employees to balance their personal and work lives, resulting in employee resignations. Employee resignation and turnover are major concerns for employers as they incur large associated costs (Hom et al., 2017). The loss of one employee can result in up to 60% loss of profit and productivity for the organisation (Rowley & Purcell, 2001). Therefore, organisations try to save their employees by paying attention to employee retention in their organisation. Previous literature, reveals that various factors are involved that influence employees to stay or leave the organisation (Subramaniam et al., 2019). However, it is believed that work-life balance has a positive influence on employee behaviour (Koon, 2022). Work-life balance (WLB) has become a central issue in the modern world of work. The high demand for productivity and the ever-evolving availability of technology have created significant pressure for workers to balance the demands of work with their personal lives. The healthcare sector, as one of the most demanding sectors, is often highlighted in WLB studies. Job satisfaction is treated as a mediator in this study based on theoretical foundations and literature. For example, a person's behaviour is determined by his or her behavioural intention to do so. This intention is itself determined by the person's attitude and subjective norm towards the behaviour (Sheppard et al., 1988). Job satisfaction is an important human attitude that has the ability to influence behaviour. Therefore, job satisfaction can be tested as a mediator between work-life balance, employee retention, and turnover. (Deery & Jago, 2015) confirmed that job satisfaction is a suitable mediator between work-life balance and employee behaviour (Deery & Jago, 2015).
Downloads
References
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2005). The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior. The Handbook of Attitudes, July, 187–236. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410612823-13
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1996). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: An examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49(3), 252–276. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0043
Amstad, F. T., Meier, L. L., Fasel, U., Elfering, A., & Semmer, N. K. (2011). A Meta-Analysis of Work-Family Conflict and Various Outcomes With a Special Emphasis on Cross-Domain Versus Matching-Domain Relations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(2), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022170
Avanzi, L., Fraccaroli, F., Sarchielli, G., Ullrich, J., & van Dick, R. (2014). Staying or leaving: A combined social identity and social exchange approach to predicting employee turnover intentions. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 272–289. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-02-2013-0028
Baltes, B. B., Clark, M. A., & Chakrabarti, M. (2010). Work-life balance: The roles of work-family conflict and work-family facilitation. In P. A. Linley, S. Harrington, & N. Garcea (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology and work (pp. 201-212). (Vol. 16, Issue 1).
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Exchange and Power in Social Life, 1–352. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203792643
Blau, P. M. (2017). Exchange and Power in Social Life, 2nd ed., Routledge, New York.
Deery, M., & Jago, L. (2015). Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2013-0538
Delecta, P. (2011). WORK LIFE BALANCE. International Journal of Current Research, 3(4), 2003–2006.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Faragher, E. B., Cass, M., & Cooper, C. L. (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2002.006734
Fishbein, M. A., & Ajzen, I. (1975). I.(1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, Addison-Wesley, May 1975.
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
Hamed Taherdoost, A., & Lumpur, K. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research. In International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM) (Vol. 5, Issue 3). www.elvedit.com
Harini, S., Luddin, M. R., & . H. (2019). Work Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment Among Lecturers. In Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (Vol. 14, Issue 7, pp. 2195–2202). https://doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2019.2195.2202
Harter, S. (1993). Causes and Consequences of Low Self-Esteem in Children and Adolescents. Self-Esteem, 87–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8956-9_5
Heikamp, T., Alessandri, G., Laguna, M., Petrovic, V., Caprara, M. G., & Trommsdorff, G. (2014). Cross-cultural validation of the positivity-scale in five European countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 71, 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.012
Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., & Hausknecht, J. P. (2017). One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research.: @ Walden University Library. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 530–545.
Homans, G. C. (1958). Social Behavior as Exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), 597–606. https://doi.org/10.1086/222355
Hsu, C.-W., Yin, C.-P., & Huang, L.-T. (2017). Understanding Exchangers’ Attitudes and Intentions to Engage in Internet Bartering Based on Social Exchange Theory (SET) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). International Journal of Business and Information, 12(2), 149. https://doi.org/10.6702/ijbi.2017.12.2.3
Jones, T. G., Rapport, L. J., Hanks, R. A., Lichtenberg, P. A., & Telmet, K. (2003). Cognitive and psychosocial predictors of subjective well-being in urban older adults. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1076/clin.17.1.3.15626
Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a Conceptualization of Optimal Self-Esteem Toward a Conceptualization of Optimal Self-Esteem. Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory, 14(1), 1–26.
Koon, V. Y. (2022). A multilevel analysis of work–life balance practices. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 60(2), 429–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12268
Le, H., Newman, A., Menzies, J., Zheng, C., & Fermelis, J. (2020). Work–life balance in Asia: A systematic review. Human Resource Management Review, 30(4), 100766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100766
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.81.2.123
Linley, P. A., Harrington, S., & Garcea, N. (Eds. ). (2010). Oxford handbook of positive psychology and work. (Vol. 16, Issue 1).
McKinlay, A., Couston, M., & Cowan, S. (2001). Nurses’ behavioural intentions towards self-poisoning patients: A theory of reasoned action, comparison of attitudes and subjective norms as predictive variables. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(1), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.3411728.x
Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Gellatly, I. R. (1990). Affective and Continuance Commitment to the Organization: Evaluation of Measures and Analysis of Concurrent and Time-Lagged Relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(6), 710–720. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.6.710
Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1973). Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological Bulletin, 80(2), 151–176. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034829
Quinn, R. P., & Mangione, T. W. (1973). Evaluating weighted models of measuring job satisfaction: A cinderella story. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 10(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(73)90002-0
Rani, S., Kamalanabhan, T. J., & Selvarani, M. (2011). Work/life balance reflections on employee satisfaction. Serbian Journal of Management, 6(1), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.5937/sjm1101085r
Rasmussen, H. N., Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2006). Self-regulation processes and health: The importance of optimism and goal adjustment. Journal of Personality, 74(6), 1721–1748. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00426.x
Richardson, B. K., Wang, Z., & Hall, C. A. (2012). Blowing the Whistle Against Greek Hazing: The Theory of Reasoned Action as a Framework for Reporting Intentions. Communication Studies, 63(2), 172–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2011.624396
Rowley, G., & Purcell, K. (2001). “As cooks go, she went”: Is labour churn inevitable? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-4319(00)00050-5
SHBAIL, M. O. AL. (2018). The Associations of Internal Audit Quality with Job Burnout and Job Satisfaction Based on Theory of Reasoned Action. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 8(2), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v8-i2/4272
Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The Theory of Reasoned Action: A Meta-Analysis of Past Research with Recommendations for Modifications and Future Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(3), 325. https://doi.org/10.1086/209170
Siahpush, M., Spittal, M., & Singh, G. K. (2008). Happiness and life satisfaction prospectively predict self-rated health, physical health, and the presence of limiting, long-term health conditions. American Journal of Health Promotion, 23(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.061023137
Soomro, A. A., Breitenecker, R. J., & Shah, S. A. M. (2018). Relationship of Work Life To Work Family Conflict. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 7(1), 129–146.
Spector, P. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes and consequences.
Subramaniam, C., Choo, L. S., & Johari, J. (2019). What makes employees want to stay? A study in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 38(5), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.21949
Tedeschi, J. T., & Norman, N. (1985). Social power, self-presentation, and the self. In B. R. Schlenker (Ed.), The self and social life (pp. 293-322).
Yasin, M. A. S. M., & Dzulkifli, M. A. (2010). The Relationship between Social Support and Psychological Problems among Students. International Journal and Business and Social Science, 1(3), 110–116.
Yeung, A., & Chow, C. (2000). (n.d.). Correlates of subjective well-being of Chinese elderly in Hong Kong. Journal of Social Work Research and Evaluation, 1, 165-184.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Luthfia Melati Fefinda Pulungan, Tiarapuspa Tiarapuspa

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.