Mengoptimalkan Integrasi dan Kinerja: Tinjauan Sistematis terhadap Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Inklusif bagi Penyandang Disabilitas

Tomi Triono

doi:10.53697/emak.v7i2.3234

Authors

Tomi Agus Triono Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53697/emak.v7i2.3234

Keywords:

Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Inklusif, Penyandang Disabilitas, Akomodasi yang Layak, Hambatan Sikap, Stagnasi Karier

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara sistematis dan mengevaluasi praktik Human Resource Management (HRM) inklusif dalam mendukung integrasi penyandang disabilitas (PwD) di tempat kerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengikuti protokol PRISMA. Sebanyak 111 artikel empiris dan konseptual bereputasi yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2014–2024 dikumpulkan dari basis data Scopus dan Web of Science. Kualitas studi dianalisis menggunakan alat penilaian kritis dari Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), sedangkan data disintesis melalui analisis tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa praktik HRM yang paling banyak diteliti adalah penyediaan akomodasi yang layak serta proses rekrutmen dan seleksi yang inklusif. Tantangan utama yang masih dominan adalah hambatan sikap, seperti stigma, stereotip, dan rendahnya kesadaran manajerial, yang sering kali lebih signifikan dibandingkan hambatan fisik maupun biaya. Isu krusial yang teridentifikasi adalah fenomena career plateau, yaitu kondisi ketika PwD berhasil direkrut tetapi mengalami stagnasi dalam pengembangan karier. Meskipun demikian, penerapan HRM inklusif terbukti memberikan dampak positif, baik bagi individu seperti peningkatan kepuasan dan komitmen kerja maupun bagi organisasi, termasuk retensi karyawan dan penguatan citra pemberi kerja. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa optimalisasi inklusi PwD memerlukan pergeseran strategis dari HRM yang bersifat reaktif dan berbasis kepatuhan menuju pendekatan yang proaktif dan holistik sepanjang siklus kerja karyawan.

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